Critical Themes in the Writings of Hemingway: Life & Death, Fishing, Wa

Critical Themes in the Writings of Hemingway: Life & Death, Fishing, War, Sex, Bullfighting, and the Mediterranean Region Hemingway brought a tremendous deal of what is middle class Americanism into literature, without very many people recognizing what he has done. He had nothing short of a writer’s mind; a mind like a vacuum cleaner that swept his life experiences clean, picking up any little thing, technique, or possible subject that might be of use (Astro 3). From the beginning, Hemingway had made a careful and conscientious formula for the art of the novel (Hoffman 142). This preconceived formula contained certain themes that recur with great frequency and power throughout Hemingway’s writings. Such themes include an obsessive fascination with life and death, an interest in fishing, war, bullfighting, a strange perception of sex and an unusual fixation on the Mediterranean region. In Hemingway’s writings, the symbols are implicit; they follow the laws of reality to such a degree that in themselves they form a whole story (Wilson 2). Hemingway’s hero’s battles consist of conquering dread, a dread which is connected with earlier experiences, and which appears as a fear of life or death. These two elements, life and death, seem to take two opposite forms, but in reality they are the same. Life ends with death, because death is a constituent part of life, therefore life includes death (Scott 24). If you follow the main lines through Hemingway’s writings, you will very easily discover that everything deals with a sick, mortally wounded man’s fight to overcome the dread arising from his meeting with life (Young 21). In Hemingway’s world, death begins in childhood, as described with unsurpassed mastery in the short story â€Å"Indian Camp.† This story tells of young boy, Nick, who is present while his father, the doctor, performs a cesarean section on an Indian woman, without anesthesia, equipped with only a jackknife and fishing leaders to sew the wound up with. The Indian woman’s husband lies in the upper bunk during the operation, with the woolen blanket drawn up over his head. When they lift up the blanket, he has cut his throat. It is here that Hemingway’s long autobiography begins; this is how it feels to be human. Nick, the hero, has received his wound. He is scared to death, and all of his later experiences are more or less repetitions... .... Detroit: Gale, 1973. 142. Geismar, Maxwell. â€Å"Ernest Hemingway: At the Crossroads.† American Moderns: From Rebellion to Conformity. (1958): 54-8. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Carolyn Riley. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 1973. 142. Fiedler, Leslie A. â€Å"Hemingway.† Love and Death in the American Novel. (1966): 316-17. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Carolyn Riley. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 1973. 143. Frohock, W.M. â€Å"Ernest Hemingway-The River and the Hawk.† The Novel of Violence in America. (1957): 166-98. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Carolyn Riley. Vol.1. Detroit: Gale, 1973. 141. Oliver, Charles M. Ernest Hemingway A to Z. New York: Facts on File, 1999. Reynolds, Michael S. Hemingway’s First War: The Making of â€Å"A Farewell to Arms.† New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1976. Rovit, Earl. Ernest Hemingway. Boston: Twayne, 1963. Scott, Nathan A. Jr. Ernest Hemingway: A Critical Essay. Michigan: William B. Eerdman, 1966. Wilson, M. â€Å"Ernest Hemingway.† Lost Generation (1993). 16 Feb. 2001 {http://www.lostgeneration.com/hembio.html}. Young, Philip. Ernest Hemingway. Great Britain: The Oxford University Press, 1964.

Huckleberry Finn - Conflict Between Society And The Individual Essays

The theme of Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn is that the ideas of society can greatly influence the individual, and sometimes the individual must break off from the accepted values of society to determine the ultimate truth for himself. In Huckleberry Finn's world, society has corrupted justice and morality to fit the needs of the people of the nation at that time. Basically, Americans were justifying slavery, through whatever social or religious ways that they deemed necessary during this time. The conflict between society and Huckleberry Finn results from Huck's non-conformist attitude. This attitude is a result of his separation from society at an early age. With a highly abusive drunkard for a father, Huckleberry Finn is forced from childhood to rely solely on himself. As a result of this, he effectively alienates himself from the rest of society. Society continues to try to "reform" him, but Huckleberry Finn shows his lack of appreciation in that effort from the very beginning of the story when he says, "The Widow Douglas she took me for her son, and allowed she would sivilize me I got into my old rags and my sugar hogshead again, and was free and satisfied." His actions are based on instinct and his own experience, rather than conventional conscience. As a result, he makes up the rules for himself as he goes along, forming a conscience that is keenly aware of society's prejudices but actions based on that which he has experienced. Ironically, ofte...

Current Generational Differences in Attitudes Toward the Role of Religion in America Essay

In the United States, its citizens are categorized by their date of birth into four commonly known generations. The individuals born anytime before 1946 are considered Pre-Boomers, individuals born between 1946 and 1964 are known as Boomers, individuals born between 1965 and 1976 are known as Generation X, and last but not least is Generation Y, which are individuals born anytime after 1977. The individuals categorized in each of these generations tend to share similar values and views on things such as religion, culture and politics. These segregated differences in views are also known as generational gaps. â€Å"A generation gap is commonly perceived to refer to differences between generations that cause conflict and complicate communication, creating a gap. † (Adcox, 2012) Research shows that there are many other differences between each generation in America, however the generational differences in attitudes toward religion tend to be very apparent. During this study of the generational differences in attitudes toward religion, the research center made three statements giving Americans the option to agree or completely agree with each one. The three statements included: â€Å"Prayer is an important part of my daily life, We will all be called before God at the Judgment Day to answer for our sins, and I never doubt the existence of God. † (Pew Research Center Publications, 2007) In past years, eight out of ten Americans agreed with these three statements and the agreement of these three statements between the generations rose dramatically during the 1990’s. Then , the majority of Americans believed that religion and personal beliefs were extremely important and a vast majority belonged to a religious affiliation. However, the percentage of generational agreement has started to fall within recent years as the new generations start to come about. During the years of 1987 through 2007, The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press also conducted a study in hopes of comparing the religious attitudes of each generation. The study showed that while the majority of Americans have remained religious throughout the years in both their practices and beliefs, the percentage of Americans that expressed strong religious beliefs have dwindled down drastically since the 1990’s. Not surprisingly, the percentage of individuals who chose not to be affiliated with any one religion has increased with each new generation, showing a decrease in religious commitment. The study showed that between the years 2006 and 2007, 19% of Generation Y, 14% of Generation X, 11% of Boomers, and 5% of Pre-Boomers were either atheist, agnostic, or had no religion. There have always been and will always be differences between each generation and their views on certain hot topics, such as religion. As new generations come about, I feel that the attitude towards religion in America will continue to decrease on a level of importance as well as the level of beliefs. The newer generations will of course outlast the older generations which will then in turn outlast their beliefs regarding religion and its importance. The newer generations will instill their values of religious importance on to the next generation and slowly, I believe religion may no longer be of any importance to the majority of Americans. References: Looking at the Generation Gap: Identifying Generational Differences and Their Causes. Adcox, Susan. (2012). Retrieved on July 5, 2012, from: About. com: http://grandparents. about. com/od/grandparentingtoday/a/GenerationGap. htm Trends in Attitudes Toward Religion and Social Issues: 1987-2007. Pew Research Center Publications. (2007). Retrieved on July 5, 2012, from: Pew Research Center: Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World: http://pewresearch. org/pubs/614/religion-social-issues

Pre Revolutionary War Attitudes

By the 1750’s, Americans began to query their involvement with the British Empire by establishing their own identity and unity as Americans. The colonist began to see a strong display of British oppression. Taxes and the different Acts, such as the Intolerable Acts caused the colonists to believe that it would be better if they were separated from their mother country. Colonists also felt that some of their rights and liberties were being taken away by the British Empire. By the eve of the revolution colonist had a sense of identity of an American.America became the melting pot of the world. Colonist began to think of themselves as a new race of men (Document H). Colonist slowly dismissed their ancient dispositions and demeanor and accommodated new ones (Document H). With a natural barrier (the ocean) between Great Britain and America, colonist started to think of the colonies as a separate nation (Document B). The ocean caused the colonist to believe that they were separated from the mother land for a reason (Document B). They believed that the ocean was there to prevent the colonies from blending with Great Britain (Document B).Since colonists were separated from Great Britain they considered having their own congress (Document D). The colonist would rather have three thousand people who is living near them and who can see the problems they are facing govern them rather than have one person govern them that isn’t there and doesn’t know what’s going on in the area the colonist are located at (Document D). Another act of identity is show in 1774 and 1775 (Document G). During those years Boston wasn’t relying on Great Britain to provide them with donations of goods, such as food, animals, or money (Document G).This illustrates that the colonies don’t need to confide on Great Britain and they can depend on the other colonies alternatively. Throughout these events it is evident that the colonists are displaying a sense of identity. Before the revolution, the colonist displayed many acts of unity. In 1754, a picture of a cut up snake was posted in the Pennsylvania Gazette (Document A). Benjamin Franklin once said, â€Å"If not united to form a whole snake, then the snake cannot survive†. The picture displayed that if the colonies do not come together as one united nation, it is possible that the different colonies could perish (Document A).This picture could have motivated the colonies to act as one nation. In 1774, it was said that a very small corrupted Junto, a self appointed committee in New York acknowledged the idea that all of North America was united (Document C). The Junto also acknowledged that North America was determined to defend their rights and liberties endlessly against Great Britain (Document C). On July 6, 1775, the representatives of the United Colonies of North America met in Congress at Philadelphia to talk about going to war (Document E).Colonists were daring to start reb ellions and resist their authority to preserve their liberties (Document E). The representatives were under the impression that all the colonist had the same state of mind. They thought that they would rather die as freemen rather than like slaves (Document E). Another unifying act of the colonies was when many of the colonies donated food, animals, money, and etc to Boston in 1774 and 1775 (Document G). The colonies donated goods due to the Intolerable Acts, when the British closed the Boston ports.This illustrates that the colonist were willing to come and work together to help other colonies in need. Throughout these events it is evident that the colonists are displaying a sense of unity. Throughout history there has been many acts of Americans developing a sense of identity and unifying as one nation. Americans were very devoted to making sure they were not taken advantage of by Great Britain. Although Americans had to fight for their independence and their liberties they were a ble to push and break free from the British Empire.

Augustinian Theodicy

The Augustinian Theodicy From Augustine in his booke ‘Confessions' in 397AD. His argument was that God is good and created a world perfectly good and free from defection, evil & suffering. Based on Genesis 1-3 ‘Either God cannot abolish evil, or he will not. If he cannot, he is not all-powerful, if he will not he is not all-good. ‘ Augustine ‘The believer must have, in a cool moment, a solution to the problem of evil. If he does not, his faith is not rational†¦ ‘ Richard Swinburne The perfect world – â€Å"God saw all that he had made and saw that it was good. Genesis – Evil is a privation of good as darkness is a privation of light. – Humanity has free will to choose good over evil. The Fall – Natural & moral evil exist because things fell short of what God intended. – â€Å"The penalty of sin corrects the dishonour of sin† Augustine. – God shouldn't intervene because evil is the price of freedom. H umans can't overcome the inevitably of them sinning. – The fall marks the entrance of evil into the world. (The fall being Adam's mistake). – Humanity has an inherent guilt as descendants of Adam & Eve (original sin).We have to ‘put up with' what we have indirectly done to the Universe. The punishment for the original sin is ‘seminally present'. Intervention – There is hope through Jesus for all. This is a God given opportunity for those with good intentions to find a selfish reason for doing good. – Augustine's theodicy is soul-deciding. Meaning we have a choice of path metaphorically in life. In this way Augustine tries to prove the righteousness of God. By showing that God was right not to intervene when we chose to do wrong against God.And that giving us the choice of giving our life to christ is a act of generosity. However this contradicts the idea of him being all-loving as this theodicy tells us that God would let there be a way to bri ng evil & suffering into the world. But if he did not mean this, it either contradicts the fact that he is all-knowing or all-powerful. Basically†¦ God made a perfect world (is this true? ), humans committed the original sin (God does not have control), evil took the world, God didn't intervene (as a just punishment), but he gave us a way to desire to be perfect.Natural evil – came through the loss in nature after ‘the fall' Moral evil – came through the new knowledge of good and evil which was discovered through disobedience. Punishments: Separation from God. Expulsion from the garden of Eden. They must now live in a fallen world. Pain in childbirth. Struggle with the earth to yield a harvest. Tension between man and woman. Physical death. Old testament – God sends the law & prophets to try and restore the relationship between humans and God. But these methods fail, leading to Jesus. New Testament – God sends Jesus. In Augustine's eyes this wa s the best God had to offer.

Advabtages and disadvantages of electronic media Essay

Electronic Medla Is a rich resource of services, supplies, creative and Innovative solutions to everyday domestic and professional demands. We are living in the era of electronic media. None can avoid and escape from it. It is prevailing profound effects on advertisement, education, information, politics and other social activities. If we look around us what is there that is impossible to? It is none other than this electronic media that has made our life far more comfortable and luxurious. Obviously this enhancement in technology would have its banes and boons as well. As far as the advantages of this advancement Is concerned so they are outnumbered. Electronic media has granted us with television, radio, computers, laptops, palmtops, mobiles and many more facilitating types of equipment. Electronic media has not only benefitted us In single field but It has Its advantages In various fields. Education has become far more convenient today as printers, projectors, laptops and Internet has provided a vast opportunity to get as much knowledge as one can. Now students have a great opportunity to enhance their knowledge through accessing internet. All he information in all topics is far beyond one touch of a button. Teaching is made more understandable by using projectors CD’s or DVD’s through this student develops more interest in class lectures. Learning through internet is also quite helpful you can play the video or read the page again till you are able catch it. Electronic media has entirely changed the mode of advertisement. Different attractive and colourful policies are made to encourage the customer to buy the product. Furthermore, It gives extensive options In selecting the desired product. Electronic media has revolutionized the Information system. Now everyone can be aware himself with current Information and updates. So many TV channels In the country and Internet websites Justify the Importance and advantages of electronic media where everyone has a freedom to exchange his view point freely. You are bored then you have a great variety to provide u a source of entertainment one can play on laptops, computers, etc or watch TV or can use social network. This social network is also one of a great source of electronic media it not only connects us to several peoples but also helps in advertising or much social and political news are also conveyed to us. The international politics are greatly influenced by the electronic media. Notnlng In tnls world Is Ideal or perTect tnereTore wnen tnls Destowment 0T science has provided us with its advantages it surely has several disadvantages in it as well. No doubt it’s a source of entertainment but people are rather waisting a lot of their precious time through this. Internet the greatest help of us today is also a good help to huge number of frauds and theft on internet. One’s personal account can be hacked and their personal details can be viewed which is obviously dangerous and ofcourse no one would want that to happen with them. Research evidence has accumulated over the past half-century that exposure to violence on television, movies, and most recently in video games increases the risk of violent behavior on the viewer’s part Just as growing up in an environment filled with real violence increases the risk of violent behavior. Furthermore there is huge amount of contents of vulgarity either in form of such vulgar games or in form of such software, CD’s or websites which can lead to crimes and bad mentality of our young generation. Another aspect of its disadvantages is that equipments are really expensive to buy nd even if one affords to buy it is again difficult and expensive to maintain. It is a media through which the West propagates against Islam and other opponents. If education is being revolutionize then the authorities would surely charge good amount of fees which will restrict a poor man to give his children this modern education as a result poor or middle class children are deprived of this way of education. TV, computers, etc are giving rise to eye-sight and obesity problems. In this century electronic media has gained preference over other things it’s not Just used for any single purpose but have vast purposes. But for all what it can harm then that truly depends upon our usage to this bounty of science. We can take some protective measures to be safe Just in case but if we are being careless in way we use electronic media then that would be biased to say that this media has many harmful effect in its usage. It is said who will win the media war will be most successful. Concluding it can be said that if we want to be dominant in the world, we will have to accept the challenge of electronic media otherwise we will be limping and looking at others. Amna Knan Biochemistry English 2042 B. S. II year Submitted To: Miss Zunaira Sultan

Direct Marketing Case study Exam ( Mcdonalds ) Essay

Direct Marketing Case study Exam ( Mcdonalds ) - Essay Example McDonald's has been able to develop products which cater to both the segments. However, it is also critical to understand that most of the UK's population is now ageing with least preferences for eating food like that of offered by McDonald's due to obvious health reasons therefore Targeted segmentation may be going to change for McDonald's. UK's population is expected to grow by 8% by 2016 however, the total proportion of pensioners i.e. old age population would increase therefore there may be a shift in the overall demographics of the country. (The Times 100) It is also critical to note that the market segmentation of the firm is largely generic in nature as it attempts to capture almost every consumer in the market by offering them food products which fit into their life styles according to different criterion such as income, taste, preferences, excitement etc. The purchase behavior is largely dominated by the increasing health consciousness of the consumers as they value health over the taste. This change in the psychographics of the consumers suggests that the trends are shifting towards consumers who prefer to have healthy food which not only fulfills their taste buds but also provide them necessary nutrition for maintaining an optimum level of health. Further, since the incidences of obesity are on rise in children too therefore there is also a general shift in the buying behaviors of the parents as due to health consciousness and improved health related education; parents prefer to have healthy food for their children. Competitive Situation There are two basis of competition in this industry i.e. the demographics as well as the personal income of the individuals. The competitive landscape in this segment of the market is therefore driven by the effective marketing and efficient operations. The following graph suggests the output growth level of the food services industry in next few years. The growth rates are more or less constant during next five years indicating that the industry may be heading towards its maturity stage.1 There are two close competitors of McDonald's in terms of size and presence in the market. KFC and Burger King Offer similar products offered by McDonald's with little or no differentiation in terms of quality. However, McDonald's has largest market share followed by KFC. This traditional superiority of McDonald's has been due to its competitive advantage it gained over the period of time. KFC has traditional lead in Chicken market where it offers products based on its unique and somewhat secret chicken recipe based on 11 herbs and spices whereas Burger King has the advantage in producing products which are considered as healthy. As such both the competitors are offering products which serve a particular niche market and focus on delivering value through the quality products i.e. products which are